Supreme Court Will Decide What Homeowners Are Owed When Tax Sale Erases Equity
⏱ 4 min read
A county in Michigan was owed about $2,200 in back taxes. To collect it, the government took a home worth close to $200,000, auctioned it for a fraction of that, and called the matter settled. The family is now putting a simple question to the Supreme Court: when the state sells your house over a small debt, does it owe you the real worth of what it took or only whatever the auction happened to fetch?
The Rule that is Already on the Books
Three years ago, the court drew a clear line. Geraldine Tyler, then in her 90s, had let a $2,311 levy on a Minneapolis condo balloon to about $15,000 once penalties and interest stacked up. Hennepin County took the unit, found a buyer at $40,000, and held onto all of it. By any fair reckoning, the $25,000 above her debt was Tyler’s money – even though the county walked away with it. Minnesota law blessed that, as did 11 other states and the District of Columbia, plus nine more states under narrower terms.
A unanimous court ended the practice. Chief Justice Roberts wrote that a government can sell property to satisfy a tax debt but cannot help itself to more than the debt is worth. Leftover equity belongs to the owner, and a state cannot dodge that by defining the property interest away.
The Question Tyler Left Hanging
Tyler was tidy because the surplus was undeniable. Subtract a debt near $15,000 from a $40,000 sale, and the leftover is beyond dispute. The justices never had to confront the messier case where the sale price itself is artificially low. If a forced auction brings in far less than a home would fetch on the open market, is that depressed number really the measure of what the owner lost?
That is the gap, and tax auctions are where it opens. Unlike an ordinary listing, these sales draw a thin crowd of investors and speculators, and the government has little reason to chase top dollar. A county could therefore obey Tyler to the letter, hand back every cent of the auction surplus, and still watch most of a family’s equity vanish.
How the Pung Family Got Here
Three-and-a-half decades ago, Timothy Scott Pung paid $125,000 for a roughly 3,000-square-foot house in Isabella County, and for years it carried Michigan’s Principal Residence Exemption. Scott died in 2004, and his wife in 2008. Their son Marc stayed on, assuming the exemption rolled forward without any new filing. The assessor saw it otherwise and stripped the break retroactively. Marc fought back, and a state tax tribunal agreed no further paperwork had ever been required.
The assessor would not let it go. Over a shortfall of $2,241.93, on a place the county itself pegged at $194,400, the family was thrown out, and the home went under the hammer for $76,000. Nobody disputes that the estate is owed the surplus. The quarrel is how to measure it. Isabella County treats the surplus as the hammer price minus the debt, leaving about $74,000. The estate says the yardstick should be the home’s true market value minus the debt, pushing the number toward $194,400. The spread tops $100,000.
Bigger Than One House
The stakes reach far past Michigan. Minnesota alone moved more than 4,300 properties through these sales between 2014 and 2020. Across the 1,200-plus that were family homes, the typical owner lost some 92 percent of the equity above the debt, averaging around $207,000 against bills averaging just $17,000. In the nation’s capital, a veteran with dementia lost a $200,000 home over $133.88.
There is a second front, too. The estate contends the foreclosure worked as an excessive fine barred by the Eighth Amendment, a theory the lower court waved off as ordinary tax collection but one that Justices Gorsuch and Jackson have flagged for review.
Argument wrapped on Feb. 25 with a ruling likely any day now. The court has already said the government cannot keep more than it is owed. Now it must decide whether that shield covers only the cash left after the gavel, or the equity that vanished before.
Supreme Court Will Decide What Homeowners Are Owed When Tax Sale Erases Equity
July 1, 2026 · Blog, Tax and Financial News
⏱ 4 min read
A county in Michigan was owed about $2,200 in back taxes. To collect it, the government took a home worth close to $200,000, auctioned it for a fraction of that, and called the matter settled. The family is now putting a simple question to the Supreme Court: when the state sells your house over a small debt, does it owe you the real worth of what it took or only whatever the auction happened to fetch?
The Rule that is Already on the Books
Three years ago, the court drew a clear line. Geraldine Tyler, then in her 90s, had let a $2,311 levy on a Minneapolis condo balloon to about $15,000 once penalties and interest stacked up. Hennepin County took the unit, found a buyer at $40,000, and held onto all of it. By any fair reckoning, the $25,000 above her debt was Tyler’s money – even though the county walked away with it. Minnesota law blessed that, as did 11 other states and the District of Columbia, plus nine more states under narrower terms.
A unanimous court ended the practice. Chief Justice Roberts wrote that a government can sell property to satisfy a tax debt but cannot help itself to more than the debt is worth. Leftover equity belongs to the owner, and a state cannot dodge that by defining the property interest away.
The Question Tyler Left Hanging
Tyler was tidy because the surplus was undeniable. Subtract a debt near $15,000 from a $40,000 sale, and the leftover is beyond dispute. The justices never had to confront the messier case where the sale price itself is artificially low. If a forced auction brings in far less than a home would fetch on the open market, is that depressed number really the measure of what the owner lost?
That is the gap, and tax auctions are where it opens. Unlike an ordinary listing, these sales draw a thin crowd of investors and speculators, and the government has little reason to chase top dollar. A county could therefore obey Tyler to the letter, hand back every cent of the auction surplus, and still watch most of a family’s equity vanish.
How the Pung Family Got Here
Three-and-a-half decades ago, Timothy Scott Pung paid $125,000 for a roughly 3,000-square-foot house in Isabella County, and for years it carried Michigan’s Principal Residence Exemption. Scott died in 2004, and his wife in 2008. Their son Marc stayed on, assuming the exemption rolled forward without any new filing. The assessor saw it otherwise and stripped the break retroactively. Marc fought back, and a state tax tribunal agreed no further paperwork had ever been required.
The assessor would not let it go. Over a shortfall of $2,241.93, on a place the county itself pegged at $194,400, the family was thrown out, and the home went under the hammer for $76,000. Nobody disputes that the estate is owed the surplus. The quarrel is how to measure it. Isabella County treats the surplus as the hammer price minus the debt, leaving about $74,000. The estate says the yardstick should be the home’s true market value minus the debt, pushing the number toward $194,400. The spread tops $100,000.
Bigger Than One House
The stakes reach far past Michigan. Minnesota alone moved more than 4,300 properties through these sales between 2014 and 2020. Across the 1,200-plus that were family homes, the typical owner lost some 92 percent of the equity above the debt, averaging around $207,000 against bills averaging just $17,000. In the nation’s capital, a veteran with dementia lost a $200,000 home over $133.88.
There is a second front, too. The estate contends the foreclosure worked as an excessive fine barred by the Eighth Amendment, a theory the lower court waved off as ordinary tax collection but one that Justices Gorsuch and Jackson have flagged for review.
Argument wrapped on Feb. 25 with a ruling likely any day now. The court has already said the government cannot keep more than it is owed. Now it must decide whether that shield covers only the cash left after the gavel, or the equity that vanished before.
Disclaimer
These articles are intended to provide general resources for the tax and accounting needs of small businesses and individuals. Service2Client LLC is the author, but is not engaged in rendering specific legal, accounting, financial or professional advice. Service2Client LLC makes no representation that the recommendations of Service2Client LLC will achieve any result. The NSAD has not reviewed any of the Service2Client LLC content. Readers are encouraged to contact a professional regarding the topics in these articles. The images linked to these articles are protected by copyright and should not be copied for any reason.
Retirement planning starts with retirement spending. Ideally, retirees are mortgage-free and relatively debt-free before they leave the working life behind. In retirement, a key strategy is to maintain low monthly staple expenses.
Therefore, if you want to devise a financial plan that will allow you to retire early, consider cutting back your basic household expenses a year or more before your target retirement date. Some retirees choose to downsize their home, which also tends to reduce property taxes, homeowner’s insurance and maintenance costs.
Also, use that time to shop for cable, internet, or cell phone plans that may be cheaper and suit your needs in retirement. Be aware that seniors often get additional discounts they may not be aware of, so be sure to explore those options. By reducing your pre-retirement cost of living, you can reduce the amount of income you’ll need after you retire.
Build up Coffers
Another way to plan for retirement is to increase your savings while still earning income. You should have more than the typical emergency fund when you retire – so you won’t deplete it before you die. You also don’t want to have to take large, unscheduled withdrawals from retirement accounts because that would deplete your principal and potentially reduce the ongoing income you receive from those sources.
Social Security
Remember that if you start taking benefits before your official retirement age, you will lock into a lower payout level for the rest of your life. So even if you can afford to retire early, it’s generally a good idea to hold off tapping Social Security until full retirement age or even up until age 70, when you earn additional income credits. Factors to consider in making this decision include your health and life expectancy, needs for income, and other retirement assets. Remember, Social Security will last the rest of your life with cost-of-living increases and no investment market risk, so it is one income source you should wait to maximize as long as you can.
By establishing an account at the Social Security website, you can check your benefit amount at various ages based on current earnings; these projections are updated every year. If you are married, consider both spouses’ benefits as it might be better to start one early while allowing the other benefit to accrue.
Pension
If you expect a pension from your employer, you can request projected payouts to help devise your early retirement plan. If you have the option to receive either annuity payments or a lump-sum distribution, you might want to consult with a financial advisor to determine your best option within the context of your entire portfolio of assets.
Investment Accounts
If you have a 401(k), 403(b), or traditional IRA, remember that once you turn 73, you must begin required minimum distributions if you haven’t already. As a general rule, the common strategy for drawing down invested assets in retirement is to use taxable accounts first, tax-deferred accounts second, and tax-free accounts (e.g., Roth IRA) last. Roth IRAs do not require distributions at any age and can continue to grow throughout retirement.
Rule of 55
There is a legal strategy for tapping 401(k) or 403(b) retirement funds before the age of 59½ without incurring a penalty. The Rule of 55 enables you to make a series of substantially equal periodic payments from a former employer’s retirement plan (not a rollover account) between the ages of 55 (50 for a government defined-benefit plan) and 59½. While this strategy waives the 10 percent early withdrawal penalty, distributions are still subject to income taxes.
Health Insurance
If you wish to retire before age 65, consider your health insurance options.
Employer-sponsored coverage through COBRA
Health insurance marketplace plans at HealthCare.gov
Joining your spouse’s health insurance plan
Potential discounted coverage through membership organizations (e.g., AARP)
When you become eligible for Medicare, you must apply during the seven-month period that begins three months before you turn 65 and three months after your 65th birthday. If you do not apply during this enrollment period, you may face penalties.
Long-Term Care
If you’re thinking about early retirement, you may not be thinking much about nursing home expenses. However, long-term care can be quite expensive, so it’s important to plan for it early so you don’t run out of money when you need it most. Help from family can reduce the need for paid long-term care in your later years, so you may want to consider moving closer to them before or after you retire. Note that Medicare generally does not cover ongoing long-term care, although it may provide limited coverage for skilled nursing and rehabilitation services. As a result, you’ll either need to self-fund, purchase some form of long-term care insurance, or spend down your assets in order to qualify for Medicaid long-term care assistance.
An early retirement plan usually involves a number of moving parts, so carefully consider withdrawal strategies and your specific tax situation in order to develop a plan that works best for your circumstances.
Tips for Early Retirement Planning
July 1, 2026 · Blog, Financial Planning
⏱ 5 min read
Retirement planning starts with retirement spending. Ideally, retirees are mortgage-free and relatively debt-free before they leave the working life behind. In retirement, a key strategy is to maintain low monthly staple expenses.
Therefore, if you want to devise a financial plan that will allow you to retire early, consider cutting back your basic household expenses a year or more before your target retirement date. Some retirees choose to downsize their home, which also tends to reduce property taxes, homeowner’s insurance and maintenance costs.
Also, use that time to shop for cable, internet, or cell phone plans that may be cheaper and suit your needs in retirement. Be aware that seniors often get additional discounts they may not be aware of, so be sure to explore those options. By reducing your pre-retirement cost of living, you can reduce the amount of income you’ll need after you retire.
Build up Coffers
Another way to plan for retirement is to increase your savings while still earning income. You should have more than the typical emergency fund when you retire – so you won’t deplete it before you die. You also don’t want to have to take large, unscheduled withdrawals from retirement accounts because that would deplete your principal and potentially reduce the ongoing income you receive from those sources.
Social Security
Remember that if you start taking benefits before your official retirement age, you will lock into a lower payout level for the rest of your life. So even if you can afford to retire early, it’s generally a good idea to hold off tapping Social Security until full retirement age or even up until age 70, when you earn additional income credits. Factors to consider in making this decision include your health and life expectancy, needs for income, and other retirement assets. Remember, Social Security will last the rest of your life with cost-of-living increases and no investment market risk, so it is one income source you should wait to maximize as long as you can.
By establishing an account at the Social Security website, you can check your benefit amount at various ages based on current earnings; these projections are updated every year. If you are married, consider both spouses’ benefits as it might be better to start one early while allowing the other benefit to accrue.
Pension
If you expect a pension from your employer, you can request projected payouts to help devise your early retirement plan. If you have the option to receive either annuity payments or a lump-sum distribution, you might want to consult with a financial advisor to determine your best option within the context of your entire portfolio of assets.
Investment Accounts
If you have a 401(k), 403(b), or traditional IRA, remember that once you turn 73, you must begin required minimum distributions if you haven’t already. As a general rule, the common strategy for drawing down invested assets in retirement is to use taxable accounts first, tax-deferred accounts second, and tax-free accounts (e.g., Roth IRA) last. Roth IRAs do not require distributions at any age and can continue to grow throughout retirement.
Rule of 55
There is a legal strategy for tapping 401(k) or 403(b) retirement funds before the age of 59½ without incurring a penalty. The Rule of 55 enables you to make a series of substantially equal periodic payments from a former employer’s retirement plan (not a rollover account) between the ages of 55 (50 for a government defined-benefit plan) and 59½. While this strategy waives the 10 percent early withdrawal penalty, distributions are still subject to income taxes.
Health Insurance
If you wish to retire before age 65, consider your health insurance options.
Employer-sponsored coverage through COBRA
Health insurance marketplace plans at HealthCare.gov
Joining your spouse’s health insurance plan
Potential discounted coverage through membership organizations (e.g., AARP)
When you become eligible for Medicare, you must apply during the seven-month period that begins three months before you turn 65 and three months after your 65th birthday. If you do not apply during this enrollment period, you may face penalties.
Long-Term Care
If you’re thinking about early retirement, you may not be thinking much about nursing home expenses. However, long-term care can be quite expensive, so it’s important to plan for it early so you don’t run out of money when you need it most. Help from family can reduce the need for paid long-term care in your later years, so you may want to consider moving closer to them before or after you retire. Note that Medicare generally does not cover ongoing long-term care, although it may provide limited coverage for skilled nursing and rehabilitation services. As a result, you’ll either need to self-fund, purchase some form of long-term care insurance, or spend down your assets in order to qualify for Medicaid long-term care assistance.
An early retirement plan usually involves a number of moving parts, so carefully consider withdrawal strategies and your specific tax situation in order to develop a plan that works best for your circumstances.
Disclaimer
These articles are intended to provide general resources for the tax and accounting needs of small businesses and individuals. Service2Client LLC is the author, but is not engaged in rendering specific legal, accounting, financial or professional advice. Service2Client LLC makes no representation that the recommendations of Service2Client LLC will achieve any result. The NSAD has not reviewed any of the Service2Client LLC content. Readers are encouraged to contact a professional regarding the topics in these articles. The images linked to these articles are protected by copyright and should not be copied for any reason.
The cost of streaming subscriptions is on the rise, and you have to ask: Are they really worth it? Especially when it’s summer, and you’re taking advantage of the beautiful weather. Here are some ways to entertain yourself, friends and the fam that are either no- or low-cost – and might be better than binging on yet another series.
Have ‘Zero Dollar’ days. Set aside one or two days a week where you don’t spend a cent. Make your lunch the day before. Cook dinner at home, and then end the day with a walk at a nearby park.
Plant a garden. All you need is a few seeds (or plants), a place to dig and you’re good to go. Best of all, it will keep you busy all summer long. It’s something, too, that you can do with friends and family. Can you say togetherness?
Practice plogging. What, what, what? Yes, plogging is a real word and a mash-up of a Swedish word, plocka, meaning “to pick,” and jogging. As you’re jogging, or even walking, pick up trash along the way. You’re not only helping your body but also bettering your community and the environment.
Visit free museums. If it’s just too hot to be outside, get some A/C and some culture – without parting with your moolah. Just Google “museums near me,” and you’ll be all set.
Play board games. Scrabble or Monopoly, anyone? What about Gin Rummy or Hearts? Make a light summer salad for dinner, gather with your buds and/or progeny, and have some fun.
Make your own popsicles. What a great money-saving hack. Buy a cheap popsicle mold at Walmart, your neighborhood home goods store, or online. Fill it up with yogurt, fruit, or anything else that sounds delish, freeze, and dig in. Here’s a list of recipes you can experiment with!
Start a book club. Books, remember those? Turn off the Netflix, go to the library or browse online, pick a book that looks good, and gather with friends and family. And bing bang boom, it’s a book club! Sometimes, theater of the mind is so much better than what’s on the idiot box.
Join a Buy Nothing group. This is a collection of people who believe in giving and sharing products instead of engaging in consumerism. With this, you will save money and meet new people. Check out the movement here.
Run through the sprinklers. If you don’t want to go to a pool or one’s not nearby, turn on the sprinklers, suit yourself and your kiddos up in swimsuits, and take off! It’s a quick way to cool down.
Go thrifting. This is something all the cool kids are doing – and have been for some time. Find out where your local second-hand shops are and dive in. You could find some designer gems for very little cash. And usually the stores have A/C, so this is yet another activity to beat the heat.
Stargaze. Wait until after sunset, grab a cool beverage and find a place where you can just sit and be amazed at the universe. If you look long enough, you’ll see shooting stars. After all, nature is one of the best free playgrounds we have.
These are just a few of the many things you can do to lower costs this summer. We’re not saying don’t watch TV, but just that there are so many other things to do that will bring you happiness – and on a budget.
The cost of streaming subscriptions is on the rise, and you have to ask: Are they really worth it? Especially when it’s summer, and you’re taking advantage of the beautiful weather. Here are some ways to entertain yourself, friends and the fam that are either no- or low-cost – and might be better than binging on yet another series.
Have ‘Zero Dollar’ days. Set aside one or two days a week where you don’t spend a cent. Make your lunch the day before. Cook dinner at home, and then end the day with a walk at a nearby park.
Plant a garden. All you need is a few seeds (or plants), a place to dig and you’re good to go. Best of all, it will keep you busy all summer long. It’s something, too, that you can do with friends and family. Can you say togetherness?
Practice plogging. What, what, what? Yes, plogging is a real word and a mash-up of a Swedish word, plocka, meaning “to pick,” and jogging. As you’re jogging, or even walking, pick up trash along the way. You’re not only helping your body but also bettering your community and the environment.
Visit free museums. If it’s just too hot to be outside, get some A/C and some culture – without parting with your moolah. Just Google “museums near me,” and you’ll be all set.
Play board games. Scrabble or Monopoly, anyone? What about Gin Rummy or Hearts? Make a light summer salad for dinner, gather with your buds and/or progeny, and have some fun.
Make your own popsicles. What a great money-saving hack. Buy a cheap popsicle mold at Walmart, your neighborhood home goods store, or online. Fill it up with yogurt, fruit, or anything else that sounds delish, freeze, and dig in. Here’s a list of recipes you can experiment with!
Start a book club. Books, remember those? Turn off the Netflix, go to the library or browse online, pick a book that looks good, and gather with friends and family. And bing bang boom, it’s a book club! Sometimes, theater of the mind is so much better than what’s on the idiot box.
Join a Buy Nothing group. This is a collection of people who believe in giving and sharing products instead of engaging in consumerism. With this, you will save money and meet new people. Check out the movement here.
Run through the sprinklers. If you don’t want to go to a pool or one’s not nearby, turn on the sprinklers, suit yourself and your kiddos up in swimsuits, and take off! It’s a quick way to cool down.
Go thrifting. This is something all the cool kids are doing – and have been for some time. Find out where your local second-hand shops are and dive in. You could find some designer gems for very little cash. And usually the stores have A/C, so this is yet another activity to beat the heat.
Stargaze. Wait until after sunset, grab a cool beverage and find a place where you can just sit and be amazed at the universe. If you look long enough, you’ll see shooting stars. After all, nature is one of the best free playgrounds we have.
These are just a few of the many things you can do to lower costs this summer. We’re not saying don’t watch TV, but just that there are so many other things to do that will bring you happiness – and on a budget.
These articles are intended to provide general resources for the tax and accounting needs of small businesses and individuals. Service2Client LLC is the author, but is not engaged in rendering specific legal, accounting, financial or professional advice. Service2Client LLC makes no representation that the recommendations of Service2Client LLC will achieve any result. The NSAD has not reviewed any of the Service2Client LLC content. Readers are encouraged to contact a professional regarding the topics in these articles. The images linked to these articles are protected by copyright and should not be copied for any reason.
The recent discovery of a publicly available Elasticsearch cluster, a group of interconnected search servers, containing 24 billion exposed records, is among the largest-scale data breaches, highlighting the troubling reality that passwords have become a weak link in modern digital security.
For years, one of the responses to cyberthreats has been to create stronger passwords, implement password rotation policies, and deploy password managers. Despite all these efforts, credential-related attacks continue to dominate the threat landscape.
The latest threat is a reminder that the problem is not simply password hygiene – but the password itself.
The Weaknesses of Password-Based Security
Passwords were designed for a simpler era of computing. Today, passwords are used to protect everything from corporate networks and cloud applications to banking platforms and healthcare systems. Even with the evolution in computing, the basic principle of passwords remains unchanged. That is, access is granted on a secret that can be stolen, guessed, reused, or shared.
The 24 billion record leak demonstrates the scale of this vulnerability. This means cybercriminals now possess records of usernames, email addresses, login URLs and passwords that can be weaponized against organizations.
The password challenge is made worse by human behavior. Users often reuse passwords across multiple accounts, use predictable combinations, or rely on slight variations of existing credentials. This means a breach affecting one platform can easily become a gateway to many others.
Unfortunately, organizations continue to invest heavily in securing networks, endpoints and applications while still relying on an authentication mechanism that is failing to withstand today’s threat environment.
Why Traditional Defenses Are No Longer Adequate
The greatest danger that arises from a big password leak is credential stuffing attacks. In these attacks, cybercriminals systematically test stolen username and password combinations across thousands of websites and applications using automated tools. Since users frequently reuse credentials, attackers can achieve high success rates with minimal effort. The credential stuffing attacks model allows threat actors to compromise accounts without exploiting software vulnerabilities or bypassing sophisticated security controls.
Even password managers, although valuable, are not the best solution. They help users generate and store stronger credentials, but are not immune to phishing attacks, session hijacking, malware-based credential theft, or social engineering attacks.
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) improves security. However, attackers have increasingly taken advantage of MFA fatigue attacks, SIM-swapping, and real-time phishing proxies.
Simply put, organizations are investing significant resources to protect a flawed authentication model.
Passwordless Authentication: The Next Evolution of Identity Security
The business impact of credential compromise has far-reaching consequences. The solution today is not the use of stronger passwords – but instead, reducing dependence on them altogether.
Passwordless authentication promises more secure methods that are resistant to phishing, credential theft, and reuse attacks. Several technologies are emerging as a replacement for traditional credentials.
Passkeys A passkey is a fast identity online (FIDO) authentication credential where, instead of typing a secret word, a user device confirms who they are using built-in security. An example is when you log in to a Google account, and your phone simply asks for your fingerprint or face scan.
Biometric Authentication This adds another layer of convenience and security. It includes fingerprint scans, facial recognition, and other biometric identifiers. These allow users to authenticate using characteristics that are unique to them rather than information they must remember.
Hardware Security Keys This provides another powerful option. It involves the use of physical devices such as YubiKeys or Google Titan Security Keys that authenticate users through public-key cryptography. Because the private key never leaves the device, it provides strong protection against phishing and credential theft and is widely considered among the most effective defenses against account compromise.
Despite the advantages of these passwordless methods, adoption remains low. Many organizations continue to operate legacy systems designed around traditional username and password models. It is worth noting that the integration of modern authentication frameworks does require significant planning and investment. However, it should be considered as an evolution that requires strategic commitment rather than a quick fix.
Final Thoughts
The recent exposure of 24 billion records is more than another headline-grabbing cybersecurity incident. It is evidence that the password-centric model of digital security is no longer secure. This should prompt organizations still using the traditional password methods to adopt passwordless authentication.
As technology advances, new security challenges will arise, including the emergence of quantum computing and the need for quantum-resistant cryptography. These developments reinforce the lesson that security cannot remain static. The goal is not to predict every future threat, but to build security architectures that evolve with technology.
Beyond Passwords: Why Recent 24B Records Leak is Wake-Up Call for Stronger Authentication
July 1, 2026 · Blog, What's New in Technology
⏱ 4 min read
The recent discovery of a publicly available Elasticsearch cluster, a group of interconnected search servers, containing 24 billion exposed records, is among the largest-scale data breaches, highlighting the troubling reality that passwords have become a weak link in modern digital security.
For years, one of the responses to cyberthreats has been to create stronger passwords, implement password rotation policies, and deploy password managers. Despite all these efforts, credential-related attacks continue to dominate the threat landscape.
The latest threat is a reminder that the problem is not simply password hygiene – but the password itself.
The Weaknesses of Password-Based Security
Passwords were designed for a simpler era of computing. Today, passwords are used to protect everything from corporate networks and cloud applications to banking platforms and healthcare systems. Even with the evolution in computing, the basic principle of passwords remains unchanged. That is, access is granted on a secret that can be stolen, guessed, reused, or shared.
The 24 billion record leak demonstrates the scale of this vulnerability. This means cybercriminals now possess records of usernames, email addresses, login URLs and passwords that can be weaponized against organizations.
The password challenge is made worse by human behavior. Users often reuse passwords across multiple accounts, use predictable combinations, or rely on slight variations of existing credentials. This means a breach affecting one platform can easily become a gateway to many others.
Unfortunately, organizations continue to invest heavily in securing networks, endpoints and applications while still relying on an authentication mechanism that is failing to withstand today’s threat environment.
Why Traditional Defenses Are No Longer Adequate
The greatest danger that arises from a big password leak is credential stuffing attacks. In these attacks, cybercriminals systematically test stolen username and password combinations across thousands of websites and applications using automated tools. Since users frequently reuse credentials, attackers can achieve high success rates with minimal effort. The credential stuffing attacks model allows threat actors to compromise accounts without exploiting software vulnerabilities or bypassing sophisticated security controls.
Even password managers, although valuable, are not the best solution. They help users generate and store stronger credentials, but are not immune to phishing attacks, session hijacking, malware-based credential theft, or social engineering attacks.
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) improves security. However, attackers have increasingly taken advantage of MFA fatigue attacks, SIM-swapping, and real-time phishing proxies.
Simply put, organizations are investing significant resources to protect a flawed authentication model.
Passwordless Authentication: The Next Evolution of Identity Security
The business impact of credential compromise has far-reaching consequences. The solution today is not the use of stronger passwords – but instead, reducing dependence on them altogether.
Passwordless authentication promises more secure methods that are resistant to phishing, credential theft, and reuse attacks. Several technologies are emerging as a replacement for traditional credentials.
Passkeys A passkey is a fast identity online (FIDO) authentication credential where, instead of typing a secret word, a user device confirms who they are using built-in security. An example is when you log in to a Google account, and your phone simply asks for your fingerprint or face scan.
Biometric Authentication This adds another layer of convenience and security. It includes fingerprint scans, facial recognition, and other biometric identifiers. These allow users to authenticate using characteristics that are unique to them rather than information they must remember.
Hardware Security Keys This provides another powerful option. It involves the use of physical devices such as YubiKeys or Google Titan Security Keys that authenticate users through public-key cryptography. Because the private key never leaves the device, it provides strong protection against phishing and credential theft and is widely considered among the most effective defenses against account compromise.
Despite the advantages of these passwordless methods, adoption remains low. Many organizations continue to operate legacy systems designed around traditional username and password models. It is worth noting that the integration of modern authentication frameworks does require significant planning and investment. However, it should be considered as an evolution that requires strategic commitment rather than a quick fix.
Final Thoughts
The recent exposure of 24 billion records is more than another headline-grabbing cybersecurity incident. It is evidence that the password-centric model of digital security is no longer secure. This should prompt organizations still using the traditional password methods to adopt passwordless authentication.
As technology advances, new security challenges will arise, including the emergence of quantum computing and the need for quantum-resistant cryptography. These developments reinforce the lesson that security cannot remain static. The goal is not to predict every future threat, but to build security architectures that evolve with technology.
Disclaimer
These articles are intended to provide general resources for the tax and accounting needs of small businesses and individuals. Service2Client LLC is the author, but is not engaged in rendering specific legal, accounting, financial or professional advice. Service2Client LLC makes no representation that the recommendations of Service2Client LLC will achieve any result. The NSAD has not reviewed any of the Service2Client LLC content. Readers are encouraged to contact a professional regarding the topics in these articles. The images linked to these articles are protected by copyright and should not be copied for any reason.
Securing Funding for Border Patrol, Homeland Security and Small Businesses
⏱ 3 min read
Secure America Act (S 2) – The Secure America Act is a federal budget reconciliation bill that funds homeland security. It was introduced by Sen. Lindsay Graham (R-SC) on May 20. The bill allocates $22.6 billion to Customs and Border Protection; $3.5 billion for border security technology improvements; $38.5 billion to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE); and
$5 billion to the Department of Homeland Security. The act was passed in the Senate on June 5, in the House on June 9, and was signed into law by the president on June 10.
Investing in All of America Act of 2025 (HR 2066) – Introduced on March 11, 2025, by Rep. Daniel Meuser (R-PA), this legislation revises how private capital is defined and adjusts Small Business Investment Company (SBIC) leverage limits. The net result is that it increases the amount of long-term capital available to American small businesses. The bill passed in the House on Dec. 1, 2025, in the Senate on April 15, and was enacted on May 19.
FIRE Act (HR 6387) – Introduced by Gabe Evans (R-CO) on Dec. 3, 2025, this bill addresses a current quandary between federal air quality enforcement and state-level wildfire prevention. In an effort to curb wildfires, some states conduct controlled burns. However, these prescribed burns do not always comply with national air quality standards. The act would amend the current Clean Air Act to exclude state wildfire mitigation activities from air quality compliance calculations. The fix remains controversial because some lawmakers see it as a gateway to weakening the nation’s air quality standards. The FIRE Act passed in the House on April 22 and is now in the Senate for consideration.
Combating Organized Retail Crime Act of 2025 (HR 2853) – This legislation focuses on the customs enforcement side of ICE. It would authorize a unit that coordinates law enforcement for organized crime involving the shipping and sale of illegally obtained goods and counterfeit products via online and physical marketplaces. The bipartisan bill was introduced by David Joyce (R-OH) on April 10, passed in the House on May 12, and is under consideration in the Senate.
Defending American Property Abroad Act of 2026 (HR 7084) – This law enables the president to prohibit vessels from entering any port, harbor, or marine terminal in a Western Hemisphere country that commandeered property owned by a U.S. citizen or corporation. Failure to abide could trigger a total ban from U.S. waters. The injunction can be lifted once the property is returned by the offending country with acceptable compensation or some other resolution. The bill does include exemptions for legitimate maritime emergencies. This largely bipartisan bill was introduced by Rep. August Pfluger (R-TX) on Jan. 15. It passed the House on March 27 and is currently under consideration in the Senate.
Securing Funding for Border Patrol, Homeland Security and Small Businesses
July 1, 2026 · Blog, Congress at Work
⏱ 3 min read
Secure America Act (S 2) – The Secure America Act is a federal budget reconciliation bill that funds homeland security. It was introduced by Sen. Lindsay Graham (R-SC) on May 20. The bill allocates $22.6 billion to Customs and Border Protection; $3.5 billion for border security technology improvements; $38.5 billion to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE); and
$5 billion to the Department of Homeland Security. The act was passed in the Senate on June 5, in the House on June 9, and was signed into law by the president on June 10.
Investing in All of America Act of 2025 (HR 2066) – Introduced on March 11, 2025, by Rep. Daniel Meuser (R-PA), this legislation revises how private capital is defined and adjusts Small Business Investment Company (SBIC) leverage limits. The net result is that it increases the amount of long-term capital available to American small businesses. The bill passed in the House on Dec. 1, 2025, in the Senate on April 15, and was enacted on May 19.
FIRE Act (HR 6387) – Introduced by Gabe Evans (R-CO) on Dec. 3, 2025, this bill addresses a current quandary between federal air quality enforcement and state-level wildfire prevention. In an effort to curb wildfires, some states conduct controlled burns. However, these prescribed burns do not always comply with national air quality standards. The act would amend the current Clean Air Act to exclude state wildfire mitigation activities from air quality compliance calculations. The fix remains controversial because some lawmakers see it as a gateway to weakening the nation’s air quality standards. The FIRE Act passed in the House on April 22 and is now in the Senate for consideration.
Combating Organized Retail Crime Act of 2025 (HR 2853) – This legislation focuses on the customs enforcement side of ICE. It would authorize a unit that coordinates law enforcement for organized crime involving the shipping and sale of illegally obtained goods and counterfeit products via online and physical marketplaces. The bipartisan bill was introduced by David Joyce (R-OH) on April 10, passed in the House on May 12, and is under consideration in the Senate.
Defending American Property Abroad Act of 2026 (HR 7084) – This law enables the president to prohibit vessels from entering any port, harbor, or marine terminal in a Western Hemisphere country that commandeered property owned by a U.S. citizen or corporation. Failure to abide could trigger a total ban from U.S. waters. The injunction can be lifted once the property is returned by the offending country with acceptable compensation or some other resolution. The bill does include exemptions for legitimate maritime emergencies. This largely bipartisan bill was introduced by Rep. August Pfluger (R-TX) on Jan. 15. It passed the House on March 27 and is currently under consideration in the Senate.
Disclaimer
These articles are intended to provide general resources for the tax and accounting needs of small businesses and individuals. Service2Client LLC is the author, but is not engaged in rendering specific legal, accounting, financial or professional advice. Service2Client LLC makes no representation that the recommendations of Service2Client LLC will achieve any result. The NSAD has not reviewed any of the Service2Client LLC content. Readers are encouraged to contact a professional regarding the topics in these articles. The images linked to these articles are protected by copyright and should not be copied for any reason.
Manage Consent
To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions.
Functional
Always active
The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network.
Preferences
The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user.
Statistics
The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes.The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you.
Marketing
The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes.
A county in Michigan was owed about $2,200 in back taxes. To collect it, the government took a home worth close to $200,000, auctioned it for a fraction of that, and called the matter settled. The family is now putting a simple question to the Supreme Court: when the state sells your house over a small debt, does it owe you the real worth of what it took or only whatever the auction happened to fetch?
Retirement planning starts with retirement spending. Ideally, retirees are mortgage-free and relatively debt-free before they leave the working life behind. In retirement, a key strategy is to maintain low monthly staple expenses.
The cost of streaming subscriptions is on the rise, and you have to ask: Are they really worth it? Especially when it’s summer, and you’re taking advantage of the beautiful weather. Here are some ways to entertain yourself, friends and the fam that are either no- or low-cost – and might be better than binging on yet another series.
The recent discovery of a publicly available Elasticsearch cluster, a group of interconnected search servers, containing 
Secure America Act (S 2) – The Secure America Act is a federal budget reconciliation bill that funds homeland security. It was introduced by Sen. Lindsay Graham (R-SC) on May 20. The bill allocates $22.6 billion to Customs and Border Protection; $3.5 billion for border security technology improvements; $38.5 billion to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE); and